The Third Book of Moses: Leviticus

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- Kapitel 20 -

(Leviticus 26:14–39; Deuteronomy 28:15–68)

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

You shall speak these things to the sons of Israel: A man among the sons Israel, or among the newcomers who live in Israel, if he will have given from his seed to the idol Moloch, he shall be put to death: the people of the land shall stone him.(a)

And I will set my face against him. And I will cut him down from the midst of his people, because he has given from his seed to Moloch, and he has contaminated my Sanctuary, and polluted my holy name.

But if the people of the land, having been neglectful and holding little regard for my authority, release the man who has given from his seed to Moloch, and they are not willing to kill him,

I will set my face over that man and over his kindred, and I will cut down both him and all who consented with him to fornicate with Moloch, from the midst of their people.

The soul who will have turned aside to astrologers and soothsayers, and who will have fornicated with them, I will set my face against him, and I will destroy him from the midst of his people.

Be sanctified and be holy, for I am the Lord your God.

Observe my precepts, and do them. I am the Lord, who sanctifies you.

Whoever curses his father or mother shall die a death; he has cursed his father and mother. So let his blood be upon him.

Punishments for Sexual Immorality

(Proverbs 5:1–23; 1 Corinthians 5:1–8)

If anyone will have committed sexual acts with the wife of another, or will have perpetrated adultery with his neighbor’s spouse, they shall die a death, both the adulterer and the adulteress.

Whoever will have slept with his stepmother, or will have uncovered the shame of his father, they shall both die a death. So let their blood be upon them.

If any man will have slept with his daughter-in-law, both shall die, for they have acted according to wickedness. So let their blood be upon them.

If any man has slept with a male in place of sexual intercourse with a female, both have committed a nefarious act, they shall die a death. So let their blood be upon them.(b)

If any man, having taken the daughter as a wife, will have married her mother, he has acted according to wickedness. He shall be burnt alive with them. Neither shall so great a nefarious act persist in your midst.

Whoever will have committed sexual acts with any animal or cattle, he shall die a death. Likewise, you shall slay the beast.(c)

The woman who will have lain under any animal at all shall be destroyed together with it. So let their blood be upon them.

Whoever will have taken his sister, the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother, and will have seen her nakedness, and she will have looked upon her brother’s shame, they have committed a nefarious act. They shall be slain in the sight of their people, because they have uncovered one another’s nakedness. And they shall bear their iniquity.

Whoever has sexual intercourse with a woman in her menstrual flow, and has uncovered her nakedness, and she has opened the fountain of her blood, both shall be destroyed from the midst of their people.

You shall not expose the nakedness of your maternal or paternal aunt. Whoever does this has laid bare the shame of his own flesh; both shall bear their iniquity.

If any man has had sexual intercourse with the wife of his paternal or maternal uncle, and he has uncovered the shame of his close relative, both shall bear their sin. They shall die without children.

Whoever will have married his brother’s wife has done an unlawful thing; he has uncovered his brother’s nakedness. They shall be without children.(d)

Distinguish between Clean and Unclean

Observe my laws as well as my judgments, and act according to them, lest the land, into which you will enter and live, may vomit you out, too.

Do not be willing to walk by the ordinances of the nations, which I will expel before you. For they have done all these things, and so I abominate them.

But I say to you: Possess their land, which I will give to you as an inheritance, a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the Lord your God, who has separated you from the other peoples.

Therefore, you must also separate the clean animals from the unclean, and the clean birds from the unclean. Do not pollute your souls with cattle, or birds, or anything that moves upon the earth, and which I have shown you to be unclean.

You shall be holy unto me, because I, the Lord, am holy, and I have separated you from the other peoples, so that you would be mine.

A man or a woman, in whom there is an oracle-like or a divining spirit, shall be put to death. They shall stone them. So let their blood be upon them.

Fußnoten

(a)20:2 Here again is an example where ‘et’ means ‘or’ not ‘and’. The repetition of ‘morte moriatur’ intensifies the meaning of the verb: ‘he must certainly die’ or ‘he shall die a death’ or ‘he must be put to death’ or similarly.(Conte)

(b)20:13 The word ‘Qui’ is masculine here, and the gender of the word is relevant to the context. The word ‘nefas’ could also be translated as ‘a crime against God’ or ‘a crime against divine law’.(Conte)

(c)20:15 The beast also ye shall kill:The killing of the beast was for the greater horror of the crime, and to prevent the remembrance of such abomination.(Challoner)

(d)20:21 This applies while the brother is still living.(Conte)

(Leviticus 26:14–39; Deuteronomy 28:15–68)

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

“Moreover, you shall tell the children of Israel, ‘Anyone of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who live as foreigners in Israel, who gives any of his offspring

(a)

to Molech shall surely be put to death. The people of the land shall stone that person with stones.

I also will set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people, because he has given of his offspring to Molech, to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name.

If the people of the land all hide their eyes from that person when he gives of his offspring to Molech, and don’t put him to death,

then I will set my face against that man and against his family, and will cut him off, and all who play the prostitute after him to play the prostitute with Molech, from among their people.

“‘The person that turns to those who are mediums and wizards, to play the prostitute after them, I will even set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people.

“‘Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be holy; for I am the LORD your God.

You shall keep my statutes, and do them. I am the LORD who sanctifies you.

“‘For everyone who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death. He has cursed his father or his mother. His blood shall be upon himself.

Punishments for Sexual Immorality

(Proverbs 5:1–23; 1 Corinthians 5:1–8)

“‘The man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, even he who commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.

“‘The man who lies with his father’s wife has uncovered his father’s nakedness. Both of them shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon themselves.

“‘If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them shall surely be put to death. They have committed a perversion. Their blood shall be upon themselves.

“‘If a man lies with a male, as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon themselves.

“‘If a man takes a wife and her mother, it is wickedness. They shall be burned with fire, both he and they, that there may be no wickedness among you.

“‘If a man lies with an animal, he shall surely be put to death; and you shall kill the animal.

“‘If a woman approaches any animal and lies with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon them.

“‘If a man takes his sister—his father’s daughter, or his mother’s daughter—and sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness, it is a shameful thing. They shall be cut off in the sight of the children of their people. He has uncovered his sister’s nakedness. He shall bear his iniquity.

“‘If a man lies with a woman having her monthly period, and uncovers her nakedness, he has made her fountain naked, and she has uncovered the fountain of her blood. Both of them shall be cut off from among their people.

“‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister, nor of your father’s sister, for he has made his close relative naked. They shall bear their iniquity.

If a man lies with his uncle’s wife, he has uncovered his uncle’s nakedness. They shall bear their sin. They shall die childless.

“‘If a man takes his brother’s wife, it is an impurity. He has uncovered his brother’s nakedness. They shall be childless.

Distinguish between Clean and Unclean

“‘You shall therefore keep all my statutes and all my ordinances, and do them, that the land where I am bringing you to dwell may not vomit you out.

You shall not walk in the customs of the nation which I am casting out before you; for they did all these things, and therefore I abhorred them.

But I have said to you, “You shall inherit their land, and I will give it to you to possess it, a land flowing with milk and honey.” I am the LORD your God, who has separated you from the peoples.

“‘You shall therefore make a distinction between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean fowl and the clean. You shall not make yourselves abominable by animal, or by bird, or by anything with which the ground teems, which I have separated from you as unclean for you.

You shall be holy to me, for I, the LORD, am holy, and have set you apart from the peoples, that you should be mine.

“‘A man or a woman that is a medium or is a wizard shall surely be put to death. They shall be stoned with stones. Their blood shall be upon themselves.’”

Fußnoten

(a)20:2 or, seed