The Fifth Book of Moses: Deuteronomy

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- Kapitel 19 -

(Numbers 35:9–34; Deuteronomy 4:41–43; Joshua 20:1–9)

When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations, those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you, and when you come after them and live in their cities and houses,

you must select three cities for yourself in the middle of your land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess.

You must build a road and divide the borders of your land into three parts, the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit, so that everyone who kills another person may flee there.

This is the law for the one who kills another and who flees there to live: Whoever kills his neighbor unawares, and did not previously hate him-

as when a man goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut wood, and his hand strikes with the ax to cut down a tree, and the head slips from the shaft and strikes his neighbor so that he dies-then that man must flee to one of these cities and live.

Otherwise the avenger of blood might go after the one who took a life, and in the heat of his anger overtake him, if the distance is too great, strike him and kill him, even though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past.

Therefore, I command you to select three cities for yourself.

If Yahweh your God enlarges your borders, as he has sworn to your ancestors to do, and gives you all the land that he promised to give to your ancestors;

if you keep all these commandments to do them, which I am commanding you today-commandments to love Yahweh your God and to always walk in his ways, then you must add three more cities for yourself, besides these three.

Do this so that innocent blood is not shed in the midst of the land that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance, so that no bloodguilt may be on you.

But if anyone hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises up against him, and mortally wounds him so that he dies, and if he then flees into one of these cities-

then the elders of his city must send and bring him back from there, and turn him over into the hand of the responsible relative, so that he may die.

Your eye must not pity him; instead, you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel, that it may go well with you.

You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark that they set in place a long time ago, in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess.

The Testimony of Two or Three Witnesses

(Matthew 18:15–20)

One sole witness must not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any matter that he sins; at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, must any matter be confirmed.

Suppose that an unrighteous witness rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing.

Then both men, the ones between whom the controversy exists, must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges who serve in those days.

The judges must make diligent inquiries; see, if the witness is a false witness and has testified falsely against his brother,

then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother; and you will remove the evil from among you.

Then those who remain will hear and fear, and will from then on commit no longer any such evil among you.

Your eyes must not pity; life will pay for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

(Numbers 35:9–34; Deuteronomy 4:41–43; Joshua 20:1–9)

When the LORD your God cuts off the nations whose land the LORD your God gives you, and you succeed them and dwell in their cities and in their houses,

you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the middle of your land, which the LORD your God gives you to possess.

You shall prepare the way, and divide the borders of your land which the LORD your God causes you to inherit into three parts, that every man slayer may flee there.

This is the case of the man slayer who shall flee there and live: Whoever kills his neighbor unintentionally, and didn’t hate him in time past—

as when a man goes into the forest with his neighbor to chop wood and his hand swings the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and hits his neighbor so that he dies—he shall flee to one of these cities and live.

Otherwise, the avenger of blood might pursue the man slayer while hot anger is in his heart and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him mortally, even though he was not worthy of death, because he didn’t hate him in time past.

Therefore I command you to set apart three cities for yourselves.

If the LORD your God enlarges your border, as he has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land which he promised to give to your fathers;

and if you keep all this commandment to do it, which I command you today, to love the LORD your God, and to walk ever in his ways, then you shall add three cities more for yourselves, in addition to these three.

This is so that innocent blood will not be shed in the middle of your land which the LORD your God gives you for an inheritance, leaving blood guilt on you.

But if any man hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises up against him, strikes him mortally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities;

then the elders of his city shall send and bring him there, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.

Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall purge the innocent blood from Israel that it may go well with you.

You shall not remove your neighbor’s landmark, which they of old time have set, in your inheritance which you shall inherit, in the land that the LORD your God gives you to possess.

The Testimony of Two or Three Witnesses

(Matthew 18:15–20)

One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin that he sins. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be established.

If an unrighteous witness rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing,

then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges who shall be in those days;

and the judges shall make diligent inquisition; and behold, if the witness is a false witness, and has testified falsely against his brother,

then you shall do to him as he had thought to do to his brother. So you shall remove the evil from among you.

Those who remain shall hear, and fear, and will never again commit any such evil among you.

Your eyes shall not pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.