The Wisdom of Solomon

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- Kapitel 19 -

Why God showed no mercy to the Egyptians. His favour to the Israelites. All creatures obey God’s orders for the service of the good, and the punishment of the wicked.

But the impious, all the way to the very end, were overcome by anger without mercy. Indeed, he knew beforehand even their future.

Yet, seeing that they might have repented, so that they would be led by him and be sent forth with great concern, the just sought the impious, while regretting their deeds.(a)

For, while the just were still holding grief in their hands and weeping at the tombs of the dead, these others took upon themselves another senseless thought, and they cast out the legislators and pursued them as if they were fugitives.(b)

For a fitting necessity was leading them to this end, and they were losing the remembrance of those things which had happened, so that what was lacking in the sufferings of the conflict might be completed by the punishment,

and so that your people, indeed, might wonderfully pass through, but these others might find a new death.

For every creature according to its kind was fashioned again as from the beginning, diligently serving your teachings, so that your children would be preserved unharmed.

For a cloud overshadowed their camp, and where water was before, dry land appeared, and in the Red Sea, a way without hindrance, and out of the great deep, a level field sprung up,

through which the whole nation passed, protected by your hand, seeing your miracles and wonders.

For they consumed food like horses, and they leapt about like lambs, praising you, O Lord, who had freed them.

For they were still mindful of those things which had happened during the time of their sojourn, how, instead of cattle, the earth brought forth flies, and instead of fish, the river cast up a multitude of frogs.

And, lastly, they saw a new kind of bird, when, being led by their desire, they demanded a feast of meat.

For, to console their loss, the quail came up to them from the sea, and yet troubles overcame the sinners, though they were not without the evidence of what had happened before by the power of lightning, for they suffered justly according to their own wickedness.(c)

And indeed, they set up a more detestable inhospitality. Certainly, some have refused to receive unknown foreigners, but these others were drafting good guests into servitude,

and not only foreigners, but also those who had been under their care, because they were reluctantly sheltering the outsiders.(d)

Yet whoever had sheltered them with gladness, by making use of the very same justice, they afflicted with the most severe sorrow.(e)

Yet they were struck with blindness, like someone brought before the gates of justice, so that they were suddenly covered with darkness, and each one was left searching for the threshold of his front door.

For the elements in themselves are in the process of being changed, just as when the sound of a musical instrument is being altered in quality, yet each one keeps its own sound, from where it is considered to be and according to its fixed appearance.(f)

For the countryside was transformed by water, and things which were swimming, crossed over the land.

Fire prevailed in the midst of water, beyond its own power, and the water forgot its quenching nature.

On the other hand, the flames did not trouble the bodies of the mortal animals walking around, nor did they melt that good food, which is as easily melted as ice. For in all things, O Lord, you magnified your people, and honored them, and did not despise them, but at every time and in every place, you assisted them.(g)

Fußnoten

(a)19:2 This translation uses the words “just” and “impious” in place of pronouns, in order to preserve and clarify the meaning of the text. The just realize that the impious may have repented, so that they would now be led by God. Therefore, the just seek the impious, even while regretting the sins of the impious.(Conte)

(b)19:3 The word rogantes means to ask or to petition. But, in this context, “quos rogantes” (or rogator) refers to those who petition the laws, i.e., those who submit bills to the legislature. Instead of repenting and being forgiven, and while the just are weeping at such great loss of life, the impious senselessly decide to pursue the legislators as if they were fugitives.(Conte)

(c)19:12 Some editions of the Vulgate have fluminum instead of fulminum, referring to a river instead of to lightning. But lightning was part of the afflictions brought upon the Egyptians, and older editions of the Vulgate have it as fulminum.(Conte)

(d)19:14 They not only drafted foreigners (or newcomers) into servitude (or slavery), but even those who were among their number and who had been under their care, because the latter had been giving shelter and assistance to the former.(Conte)

(e)19:15 The phrase “qui eisdem usi erant iustitiis” could mean that they relied on the same immutable and eternal moral law as the basis for their actions, or it could mean that they made use of the human laws and judicial process available to them in order to help the foreigners.(Conte)

(f)19:17 Elements are changed, etc:The meaning is, that whatever changes God wrought in the elements by miracles in favour of his people, they still kept their harmony by obeying his will.(Challoner)

(g)19:20 That good food:The manna.(Challoner)

Warum Gott den Ägyptern keine Gnade erwies. Seine Gunst für die Israeliten. Alle Geschöpfe gehorchen Gottes Befehlen zum Nutzen der Guten und zur Bestrafung der Bösen

Aber auf den Gottlosen lastete unerbittlicher Zorn bis ans Ende; denn Er sah voraus, was sie bald tun würden,

dass sie es nämlich, wiewohl sie zugegeben, dass jene wegzogen, ja sie mit großem Eifer selbst dazu gedrängt hatten, gereuen werde und sie dieselben verfolgen würden.

Denn während sie noch mit der Totentrauer beschäftigt waren und an den Gräbern ihrer Toten wehklagten, gerieten sie auf einen andern Gedanken voll Torheit und verfolgten eben die als Flüchtlinge, die sie doch unter Flehen gedrängt hatten abzuziehen.

Es zog sie nämlich ein verdientes Verhängnis zu diesem Äußersten. Sie verloren die Erinnerung an das, was ihnen widerfahren war, damit, was der Züchtigung noch abging, durch die fernere Strafe ersetzt würde

und nunmehr dein Volk den wunderbaren Durchgang vollbrächte, jene aber auf eine neue Art den Tod fänden.

Denn die ganze Schöpfung wurde in ihrem eigensten Wesen von neuem umgebildet, um deinen Geboten dienstbar zu sein, damit deine Kinder unversehrt bewahrt würden.

Eine Wolke nämlich überschattete ihr Lager und, wo zuvor Wasser war, erschien trockenes Land und im Roten Meer ein Weg ohne Hindernis und der tiefe Abgrund ward zum grünenden Felde.

Dort zog das ganze Volk, beschirmt durch deine Hand, hindurch, deine Wunder und Zeichen schauend.

Sie gingen wie Rosse auf der Weide und hüpften wie die Lämmer und lobten dich, Herr! der sie errettet.

Denn sie gedachten noch dessen, was sich im Lande ihres Aufenthaltes zugetragen hatte, wie nämlich die Erde anstatt des Geschlechtes der Tiere Fliegen hervorbrachte und der Fluss statt der Fische eine Menge Frösche ausspie.

Zuletzt aber sahen sie noch eine neue Gattung von Vögeln, als sie, von Lüsternheit getrieben, um Leckerbissen baten.

Denn ihre Lüsternheit zu befriedigen, stiegen Wachteln vom Meere herauf. Nun brachen Strafen über die Sünder herein, nicht ohne vorhergehende Zeichen von gewaltigen Blitzen, und sie litten mit Recht die Strafe für ihre Bosheit.

Denn sie verletzten die Gastfreundschaft noch weit ärger; jene nämlich nahmen unbekannte Fremdlinge nicht auf, sie aber machten Gäste, die ihre Wohltäter waren, zu Sklaven.

Und nicht allein dies: für jene mochte eine andere Zurechtweisung gelten, weil sie die Fremdlinge ungern aufnahmen,

während diese solche mit den grausamsten Martern peinigten, welche sie mit Freuden aufgenommen und an ihren Rechten hatten teilnehmen lassen.

Sie wurden aber mit Blindheit geschlagen, wie jene an der Tür des Gerechten, als plötzliche Finsternis sie umfing, dass jeder den Eingang zu seiner Tür suchen musste.

Denn die Elemente wurden untereinander umgestimmt, wie bei einem Saiteninstrumente zwar die Tonart wechselt, aber alles seinen Grundton behält; was man aus der Betrachtung des Geschehenen augenscheinlich schließen kann.

Landtiere nämlich wurden in Wassertiere verwandelt und sonst schwimmende Tiere kamen aufs Land.

Das Feuer äußerte seine Kraft stärker noch im Wasser und das Wasser vergaß seine löschende Kraft.

Flammen hinwiederum versehrten das Fleisch der so leicht zu tötenden Tiere nicht, ob diese gleich in denselben umherwandelten, auch ließen sie die herrliche Speise nicht schmelzen, obwohl sie leicht wie Eis zu schmelzen war. Denn in allem, o Herr! hast du dein Volk erhöht und verherrlicht und nicht gering geschätzt, sondern bist zu jeder Zeit und an jedem Orte sein Beistand gewesen.